Recognising depression in older people

Depression in older people is not a normal part of getting old and needs to be addressed to ensure your loved ones live a fulfilling life in their later years. It can be easily missed and is often misdiagnosed, so it’s crucial to be able to recognise the warning signs and seek help.

Preventing depression in older adults involves a joined-up approach that includes managing stress, making positive lifestyle choices and maintaining a social life. As a family member or friend of an elderly person at risk of depression, you can support them to take the right steps.

 

What is depression, and how does it affect older people?

Depression is a mental health condition that leads to persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness. If a person has been experiencing these thoughts for two weeks or more, then they are considered to be depressed. Depression affects how a person thinks, feels and functions in daily life, often making them irritable and lacking motivation to do things.

• Some of the major consequences of depression in older people include:
• Increased risk of suicide, especially if depression is left untreated.
• Cognitive impairment, affecting memory, thinking and problem-solving skills.
• Deterioration of physical health, including obesity, weight loss and higher risks of chronic illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer.
• Social withdrawal, leading to isolation, loneliness and neglecting social obligations.
• Dementia and elderly depression are linked, with depressive symptoms often being an early warning sign of the neurodegenerative disease.
• Motor problems associated with depression can increase the risk of falls and disability, which are more common as a person ages.

 

Symptoms of depression in older adults

Symptoms of depression in older adults are easy to miss and often overlooked as something else or simple ageing. Here are some of the tell-tale signs you should be looking out for in your loved one:

 

Physical symptoms of depression in older adults

• Memory lapses
• Changes to sleep patterns
• Increases cases of ailments like:
  • Headaches
  • Stomach aches
  • Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Lack of appetite

 

Common behavioural signs of depression in older adults

• Ignoring family and friends
• Being less social
• Personality changes
• Low mood and demeanour
• Neglecting basic hygiene practices
• Excessive drinking

 

Other warning signs of depression in older adults

Less well-known warning signs of depression in older adults can include things like talking more about the end of their life and trying to give away their possessions. While subtle, it’s important not to overlook these tendencies to think about dying and follow up on them.

 

What can I do to help if I think an elderly relative has depression?

Different types of depression require varying approaches, so it’s a good idea to seek professional help. Your loved one’s GP is the right place to start, and they will be able to guide you through the process and direct you to services that offer support.

The steps you should take if you believe an elderly relative has depression are:

• Monitor the symptoms of depression
• Express your concerns and encourage them to talk about their feelings.
• Seek professional help with the view to securing therapy or treatment for elderly depression
• Offer practical assistance to facilitate attending appointments

 

What causes depression in older adults?

Depression in older people is often the result of a combination of factors, such as physical health issues and loneliness. Chronic conditions and pain can make everyday life very challenging, with some necessary medications adding unpleasant side effects.

Loneliness, the loss of a spouse and the inability to live independently can also be large contributors to depression in the elderly. Having a sense of purpose is important for many older people, who continue to volunteer and keep themselves busy after retirement, but if a health condition begins to affect their mobility, and it’s no longer possible to carry out such activities, the effects on mental health can be severe.

 

Easy ways to help elderly anxiety and depression

Actions you can take to support a depressed older person include:

• Initiate a conversation about how they’re feeling
• Encourage activities to boost their mood
• Support them in socialising
• Offer practical help with chores
• Be patient and understanding